See trefny on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"10": "-ny",
"2": ":af",
"3": "yi:טרייף<bor>",
"4": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"5": ":afeq",
"6": "tref",
"7": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"8": ":af<surf>",
"9": "tref",
"id": "treyf",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nHebrew טְרֵפָה (trefá)bor.\nYiddish טרייף (treyf)bor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish trefny\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"trefá\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"טְרֵפָה\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"he\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yiddish\", \"term\" : \"טרייף\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"yi\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"tref\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"pl\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"zlw-opl:-ny<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"tref\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"pl\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"zlw-opl:-ny<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trefny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"treyf\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trefny\" id=\"Polish:_treyf\">\nFrom Yiddish טרייף (treyf) + Polish -ny. By surface analysis, tref + -ny.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nHebrew טְרֵפָה (trefá)bor.\nYiddish טרייף (treyf)bor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish trefny\nFrom Yiddish טרייף (treyf) + Polish -ny. By surface analysis, tref + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peri",
"adv": "trefnie"
},
"expansion": "trefny (comparative bardziej trefny, superlative najbardziej trefny, derived adverb trefnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tref‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"tref‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Judaism",
"orig": "pl:Judaism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "86 6 3 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 13 5 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 7 3 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 6 3 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 11 4 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 10 3 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 10 6 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 11 6 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 11 6 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 12 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 21 11 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"treyf (not kosher)"
],
"id": "en-trefny-pl-adj-VU6L4ZVh",
"links": [
[
"Judaism",
"Judaism"
],
[
"treyf",
"treyf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Judaism) treyf (not kosher)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niekoszerny"
}
],
"tags": [
"Judaism"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"illegal (prohibited by established rules)"
],
"id": "en-trefny-pl-adj-kYn4LKfO",
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) illegal (prohibited by established rules)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nielegalny"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"fishy, shady, suspicious"
],
"id": "en-trefny-pl-adj-Fca6wpzk",
"links": [
[
"fishy",
"fishy"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
],
[
"suspicious",
"suspicious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) fishy, shady, suspicious"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podejrzany"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfnɘ"
}
],
"word": "trefny"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af<unc>",
"3": "de:treffend<bor>",
"4": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"5": ":af<unc>",
"6": "hu:tréfás<bor>",
"7": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"id": "funny",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nGerman treffendbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\n?\nHungarian tréfásbor.\n▲\nPolish -ny\n?\nPolish trefny\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hungarian\", \"term\" : \"tréfás\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"hu\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"pl\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"zlw-opl:-ny<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trefny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"funny\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trefny\" id=\"Polish:_funny\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de:treffend",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "German treffend + -ny",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "hu:tréfás",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian tréfás + -ny",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nGerman treffendbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\n?\nHungarian tréfásbor.\n▲\nPolish -ny\n?\nPolish trefny\nPossibly from German treffend + -ny, less likely from Hungarian tréfás + -ny. Compare trafić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peri",
"adv": "trefnie"
},
"expansion": "trefny (comparative bardziej trefny, superlative najbardziej trefny, derived adverb trefnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tref‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"tref‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trefniś"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trefność"
}
],
"glosses": [
"funny, amusing"
],
"id": "en-trefny-pl-adj-ySyIENgQ",
"links": [
[
"funny",
"funny"
],
[
"amusing",
"amusing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) funny, amusing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "śmieszny"
},
{
"word": "zabawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfnɘ"
}
],
"word": "trefny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish compound terms",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms borrowed from Hungarian",
"Polish terms borrowed from Yiddish",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Hebrew",
"Polish terms derived from Hungarian",
"Polish terms derived from Yiddish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛfnɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛfnɘ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"10": "-ny",
"2": ":af",
"3": "yi:טרייף<bor>",
"4": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"5": ":afeq",
"6": "tref",
"7": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"8": ":af<surf>",
"9": "tref",
"id": "treyf",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nHebrew טְרֵפָה (trefá)bor.\nYiddish טרייף (treyf)bor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish trefny\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"transliteration\" : \"trefá\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hebrew\", \"term\" : \"טְרֵפָה\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"he\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Yiddish\", \"term\" : \"טרייף\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"yi\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"tref\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"pl\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"zlw-opl:-ny<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"tref\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"pl\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"zlw-opl:-ny<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"By surface analysis,\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\", \"is_invisible\" : \"tree\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trefny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"treyf\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trefny\" id=\"Polish:_treyf\">\nFrom Yiddish טרייף (treyf) + Polish -ny. By surface analysis, tref + -ny.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nHebrew טְרֵפָה (trefá)bor.\nYiddish טרייף (treyf)bor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\nPolish trefny\nFrom Yiddish טרייף (treyf) + Polish -ny. By surface analysis, tref + -ny.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peri",
"adv": "trefnie"
},
"expansion": "trefny (comparative bardziej trefny, superlative najbardziej trefny, derived adverb trefnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tref‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"tref‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"pl:Judaism"
],
"glosses": [
"treyf (not kosher)"
],
"links": [
[
"Judaism",
"Judaism"
],
[
"treyf",
"treyf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Judaism) treyf (not kosher)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "niekoszerny"
}
],
"tags": [
"Judaism"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"illegal (prohibited by established rules)"
],
"links": [
[
"illegal",
"illegal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) illegal (prohibited by established rules)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nielegalny"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"fishy, shady, suspicious"
],
"links": [
[
"fishy",
"fishy"
],
[
"shady",
"shady"
],
[
"suspicious",
"suspicious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) fishy, shady, suspicious"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "podejrzany"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfnɘ"
}
],
"word": "trefny"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adjectives",
"Polish compound terms",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish hard adjectives",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms borrowed from Hungarian",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Hungarian",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ny",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛfnɘ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛfnɘ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trefniś"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "trefność"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af<unc>",
"3": "de:treffend<bor>",
"4": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"5": ":af<unc>",
"6": "hu:tréfás<bor>",
"7": "-ny<id:adjective>",
"id": "funny",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nGerman treffendbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\n?\nHungarian tréfásbor.\n▲\nPolish -ny\n?\nPolish trefny\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Hungarian\", \"term\" : \"tréfás\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"hu\" }, { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"pl\", \"2\" : \":inh\", \"3\" : \"zlw-opl:-ny<id:adjective>\", \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"tree\" : \"1\", \"text\" : \"+\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"trefny\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-id=\"funny\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"trefny\" id=\"Polish:_funny\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de:treffend",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "German treffend + -ny",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "hu:tréfás",
"3": "-ny"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian tréfás + -ny",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nGerman treffendbor.\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nOld Polish -ny\nPolish -ny\n?\nHungarian tréfásbor.\n▲\nPolish -ny\n?\nPolish trefny\nPossibly from German treffend + -ny, less likely from Hungarian tréfás + -ny. Compare trafić.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najbardziej trefny",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnie",
"tags": [
"adverb",
"derived"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnemu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnego",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"animate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefną",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnymi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnej",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnym",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "trefnych",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"virile"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peri",
"adv": "trefnie"
},
"expansion": "trefny (comparative bardziej trefny, superlative najbardziej trefny, derived adverb trefnie)",
"name": "pl-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"tref‧ny"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"tref‧ny"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish dated terms"
],
"glosses": [
"funny, amusing"
],
"links": [
[
"funny",
"funny"
],
[
"amusing",
"amusing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated) funny, amusing"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "śmieszny"
},
{
"word": "zabawny"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɘ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrɛf.nɨ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛfnɘ"
}
],
"word": "trefny"
}
Download raw JSONL data for trefny meaning in All languages combined (16.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"trefny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "trefny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"trefny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "trefny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
"path": [
"trefny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "trefny",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
"path": [
"trefny"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "trefny",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.